Key pharmaceutical and biotech companies, including AbbVie, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, CSL, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, and MorphoSys AG, are actively engaged in developing new treatments for giant cell arteritis.
DelveInsight’s “Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast 2034” report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the Giant-Cell Arteritis market size, share, trends, and growth opportunities in the seven major markets (7MM) (i.e., the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France), the United Kingdom and Japan).
The Giant-Cell Arteritis market report covers emerging drugs, current treatment practices, market share of individual therapies, and current & forecasted market size from 2020 to 2034. It also evaluates the current treatment practice/algorithm, key drivers & barriers impacting the market growth, and unmet medical needs to curate the best of the opportunities and assess the underlying potential of the market.
Giant-Cell Arteritis Overview
Giant-Cell Arteritis, or “Temporal Arteritis,” is an inflammation of the lining of the arteries (blood vessels). Giant-Cell Arteritis most commonly affects arteries in the head, especially those in the temples. For this reason, Giant-Cell Arteritis is sometimes also called temporal arteritis. In Giant-Cell Arteritis, the temporal arteries, which course along the sides of the head just in front of the ears (to the temples), can become inflamed. The inflammation causes the arteries to narrow down, resulting in poor blood flow.
Giant-Cell Arteritis is classified as a large-vessel vasculitis but also involves medium and small arteritis, particularly the superficial temporal arteritis- hence it is termed temporal arteritis. Along with this, Giant-Cell Arteritis most commonly affects the ophthalmic, occipital, vertebral, posterior ciliary, and proximal vertebral arteries. Medium- and large-sized vessels that may be involved include the aorta and the carotid, subclavian, and iliac arteries.
The etiology of Giant-Cell Arteritis is a bit complex and is still being widely researched. Genetic and environmental factors (such as infections) are thought to play important roles. Because it is rare in people under age 50, its development could be linked to the aging process also.
Among genetic factors, certain genes with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and class II regions, specifically HLA-DRB1*04, DRW6, and DR3, are associated with susceptibility to Giant-Cell Arteritis. In environmental factors, a variety of different infectious stimuli have also been implicated, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, varicella virus, and parvovirus B19.
After the initial trigger, a dual immune response begins. One involves a systemic inflammatory reaction, and the other is a maladaptive, antigen-specific immune response. The systemic inflammatory reaction results from the over-activation of the innate acute phase response: a non-antigen-driven, non-adaptive defense mechanism to overall stress and injury. This response is mediated by IL-6, produced by circulating macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes. IL-6 levels are correlated with the intensity of the immune response and other acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive proteins, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and complement.
The combination of these reactants under the systemic inflammatory reaction leads to the general signs of inflammation seen in Giant-Cell Arteritis, such as fevers, chills, sweats, myalgias, anorexia, and weight loss. The antigen-specific immune response damages the arterial walls and results in the focal ischemic complications seen in Giant-Cell Arteritis. The combination of these two processes results in systemic inflammatory syndrome and arteritis, respectively.
Giant-Cell Arteritis Diagnosis
Since 1990, the mainstay of Giant-Cell Arteritis diagnosis was predicated on fulfilling 3/5 of the America College of Rheumatology’s criteria, namely: age of onset =50 years, new onset of localized headache, temporal artery tenderness or decreased pulse, elevated ESR = 50 mm/h and predominance of mononuclear cell infiltrates or a granulomatous inflammation with multinucleate giant cells on TAB.
While a clinical presentation of headache, jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, fever, and other systemic symptoms and serum markers are together highly suggestive of the disease, diagnosis can be challenging in those cases in which classic symptoms are lacking.
No test can confirm the presence of Giant-Cell Arteritis. To help the doctor reach a diagnosis, the doctor will observe the symptoms and note down the medical history of the patient. The doctors can also conduct a physical examination, partly focusing on the arteries in the temples, and if the patient has Giant-Cell Arteritis, the arteries may feel hard or tender.
Then, the patients are required to go through some testing procedures. Typically, if a doctor suspects the Giant-Cell Arteritis, the first tests ordered are blood tests looking for inflammation. These may include Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood tests; high levels of either signify inflammation suggesting Giant-Cell Arteritis.
Imaging tests may also help pinpoint Giant-Cell Arteritis as well. A specialized ultrasound can be performed in some medical centers to evaluate for inflammation of the temporal arteries and the large arteries in the upper chest. Other types of imaging studies may also be performed if the doctor suspects inflammation in the aorta (in the chest) or its branches in the chest and upper extremities.
While blood tests and imaging are helpful, there is one test often prized above all others. The gold-standard test for Giant-Cell Arteritis has traditionally been a temporal artery biopsy showing active inflammation of the temporal artery. If a doctor recommends a patient that they should have a temporal artery biopsy, this generally means they have a high level of suspicion for Giant-Cell Arteritis.
Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Key Facts
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As per the latest assessment by DelveInsight, in the 7MM, the United States accounted for the highest Giant-Cell Arteritis Market, with nearly 65% of the market share as compared to EU4, the UK, and Japan in 2023.
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In 2023, among EU4 and the UK, the UK accounted for the largest Giant-Cell Arteritis Market, while Spain accounted for the smallest share.
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In 2023, the United States accounted for the highest number of diagnosed incident cases of Giant-Cell Arteritis in the 7MM.
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In the United States, Giant-Cell Arteritis primarily affects individuals aged 80–89 years, constituting approximately ~42% of the total cases.
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Among the EU4 and the UK, out of all clinical manifestation-specific cases, scalp tenderness accounted for the highest number of cases, followed by myalgia and fever of unknown origin in 2023.
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Steroids are the first line of treatment to get Giant-Cell Arteritis under control and prevent any serious complications, and currently, there is no alternative first line of treatment available. Steroid tablets slow down the activity of the immune system and reduce the inflammation in blood vessels. Alternative treatments may also include conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
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There are also some newer drugs available called biological therapies; these drugs target key cells within the immune system to stop them from causing inflammation. The US FDA has recently approved one such biological treatment, ACTEMRA (tocilizumab), for the treatment of people with Giant-Cell Arteritis. It can also be prescribed if other treatments have not worked.
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Emerging therapies in the pipeline, including RINVOQ and COSENTYX, are expected to bring a positive shift in the Giant-Cell Arteritis treatment landscape during the forecast period (2024–2034).
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Key companies such as Novartis, AbbVie, and J&J/MorphoSys AG are expected to transform the treatment landscape for Giant-Cell Arteritis patients.
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The growth of the Giant-Cell Arteritis market is expected to be mainly driven by the growing geriatric population, the rise in the prevalence of cardiovascular disorders, technological advancements in the healthcare industry, etc.
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Delays in diagnosis, serious complications of Giant-Cell Arteritis, economic burden, and lack of proper understanding of the disease will be going to hit the Giant-Cell Arteritis market.
The term "Giant Cell" in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) refers to the appearance of large, "giant" cells observed in biopsies of inflamed temporal arteries under a microscope. The exact causes of GCA are complex and not fully understood, but ongoing research suggests that genetic factors (such as those related to the HLA family), infectious or environmental influences, immune responses, and T-cell activation may play roles.
The primary goal in treating GCA is to prevent severe complications, such as blindness. Treatment typically involves high doses of corticosteroids, ranging from 40 mg to 60 mg daily for about 3–4 weeks. The dosage is then gradually reduced if the patient's condition improves. However, the safety profile of corticosteroids remains a topic of ongoing debate. In some cases, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate, leflunomide, and azathioprine are also used.
Currently, the only approved therapy for GCA in the 7MM is ACTEMRA/ROACTEMRA (tocilizumab) from Chugai Pharmaceuticals/Roche. The treatment options for GCA remain limited, especially for the most severe and disabling phases of the disease. New treatments are urgently needed, and several companies are actively investigating potential solutions. Notable among these are Novartis with COSENTYX (secukinumab), AbbVie with RINVOQ (upadacitinib), and Johnson & Johnson/MorphoSys AG with TREMFYA (guselkumab), all of which have initiated clinical trials for new therapies.
While it is still early to predict which of these promising candidates will emerge in the market during the forecast period (2024–2034), the future of GCA treatment looks promising. The landscape is expected to improve significantly, driven by increased healthcare spending and advancements in medical research.
Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Insights
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In 2023, the total market size of Giant-Cell Arteritis was around USD 960 million, which is expected to increase by 2034 during the study period (2020–2034) in the 7MM.
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Among the 7MM, the United States accounted for the highest market size in 2023, followed by the United Kingdom for Giant-Cell Arteritis.
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Some of the Giant-Cell Arteritis Companies such as Novartis, AbbVie, J&J/MorphoSys AG, and others, are involved in developing therapies. The expected launch of emerging therapies and other treatments will lead to a significant increase in the market size during the forecast period [2024–2034].
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During the forecast period (2024–2034), pipeline candidates such as COSENTYX, RINVOQ and TREMFYA are expected to drive the rise in Giant-Cell Arteritis market size.
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By 2034, RINVOQ (upadacitinib) is expected to garner the largest market share in the 7MM.
Learn How the Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Will Evolve and Grow by 2034 @ https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/giant-cell-arteritis-market
Giant-Cell Arteritis Therapeutics Analysis
Currently, the sole approved therapy for giant cell arteritis (GCA) in the 7MM is Actemra/RoActemra (Tocilizumab) from Chugai Pharmaceuticals/Roche. Meanwhile, several leading pharmaceutical and biotech companies are developing new treatments for GCA. Among them, Novartis stands out with its drug candidates for GCA, which are in the most advanced stages of clinical development.
Leading Companies in the Giant-Cell Arteritis Therapeutics Market Include:
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Novartis
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AbbVie
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XOMA
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Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals
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Eli Lilly and Company
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Janssen Biotech
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Dr Reddys Laboratories
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Roche Holding
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AbbVie
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Novartis Pharmaceuticals
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CSL
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Johnson & Johnson
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MorphoSys AG
Giant-Cell Arteritis Emerging and Marketed Drugs Covered in the Report Include:
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Cosentyx (secukinumab): Novartis Pharmaceuticals
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KPL-301 (mavrilimumab): CSL/Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals
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Tremfya (guselkumab): Johnson & Johnson/MorphoSys AG
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Rinvoq (upadacitinib): AbbVie
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Actemra / RoActemra (Tocilizumab): Roche Holding
Report Covers the In-depth Assessment of the Emerging Drugs & Key Companies. Download the Sample Report to Learn More @ https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/giant-cell-arteritis-market
Table of Contents
1. Key Insights
2. Executive Summary
3. Giant-Cell Arteritis Competitive Intelligence Analysis
4. Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Overview at a Glance
5. Giant-Cell Arteritis Disease Background and Overview
6. Giant-Cell Arteritis Patient Journey
7. Giant-Cell Arteritis Epidemiology and Patient Population (In the US, EU5, and Japan)
8. Giant-Cell Arteritis Treatment Algorithm, Current Treatment, and Medical Practices
9. Giant-Cell Arteritis Unmet Needs
10. Key Endpoints of Giant-Cell Arteritis Treatment
11. Giant-Cell Arteritis Marketed Products
12. Giant-Cell Arteritis Emerging Drugs and Latest Therapeutic Advances
13. Giant-Cell Arteritis Seven Major Market Analysis
14. Attribute Analysis
15. Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Outlook (In US, EU5, and Japan)
16. Giant-Cell Arteritis Access and Reimbursement Overview
17. KOL Views on the Giant-Cell Arteritis Market
18. Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Drivers
19. Giant-Cell Arteritis Market Barriers
20. Appendix
21. DelveInsight Capabilities
22. Disclaimer
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