Industrial policies at all levels continue to exert their effects
National levelIn June 2025, the General Office of the National Energy Administration issued the "Notice on Organizing and Carrying Out Pilot Work on Hydrogen Energy in the Energy Sector," which clearly stated that some projects and regions would be selected from four major directions—hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and transportation, hydrogen application, and common support—to carry out pilot work on hydrogen energy. This would further promote innovative hydrogen energy management models, explore diversified paths for the development of the hydrogen energy industry, form replicable and scalable experiences, and support the development of the entire hydrogen energy chain, from production to storage, transportation, and application.
In July 2025, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Notice on Carrying Out the Construction of Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks." The document put forward several key tasks regarding hydrogen energy, including accelerating the transformation of the energy structure of industrial parks, exploring alternatives to fossil fuels and raw materials such as hydrogen energy and biomass; improving and upgrading the infrastructure of industrial parks, systematically promoting the construction and renovation of infrastructure such as electricity, heat, gas, hydrogen energy, water supply and drainage, and pollution control, improving the green transportation infrastructure of industrial parks, and accelerating the low-carbon and zero-carbon substitution of transportation vehicles.
In August 2025, the General Office of the National Energy Administration issued the "Notice on Publicizing the Fifth Batch of Major First-of-its-Kind Technological Equipment in the Energy Sector," focusing on evaluating major first-of-its-kind technological equipment in the energy sector, particularly in areas such as advanced renewable energy, new power systems, new energy storage, and hydrogen energy and its comprehensive utilization. Since 2021, a total of 27 major first-of-its-kind technological equipment items have been selected in the hydrogen energy field, including 9 items in hydrogen production, 4 items in hydrogen storage and transportation, and 14 items in hydrogen application.
These policies work together across multiple dimensions, including technological innovation, industrial pilot projects, application scenarios, and equipment upgrades, to provide a comprehensive and multi-layered systematic policy support system for the high-quality development of China's hydrogen energy industry.
Local levelFrom January to October 2025, 17 provinces (municipalities) across the country issued 29 policy documents related to the hydrogen energy industry, covering aspects such as development planning, financial support, project support, management methods, and standard systems. 32 cities issued 49 policy documents related to the hydrogen energy industry. Through the linkage of policies at the provincial, municipal, and county levels, innovation vitality was stimulated and the large-scale and standardized development of the hydrogen energy industry was promoted.
Since the General Office of the National Energy Administration issued the "Notice on Organizing and Carrying Out Pilot Work on Hydrogen Energy in the Energy Sector" in June 2025, Beijing, Sichuan, Tianjin, Hebei, Zhejiang, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangdong and other regions have successively organized and carried out the application work for hydrogen energy pilot projects in the energy sector. The first batch of pilot projects was officially announced by the National Energy Administration on December 4, 2025. It includes 41 projects such as the integrated wind and solar hydrogen production and synthesis of green ammonia and hydrogen energy coupling application in Etuoke Banner, Inner Mongolia, and 9 regions such as Changchun, Songyuan and Baicheng in Jilin. These pilot projects will focus on the entire chain of hydrogen energy "production, storage, transmission and utilization", explore innovative hydrogen energy management models and diversified development paths, and promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation.
Hydrogen production continued to grow, with a prominent regional concentration. In 2024, total hydrogen production exceeded 36.5 million tons, a year-on-year increase of approximately 3.5%. Fossil fuel-based hydrogen production still dominates the hydrogen supply, with coal-based hydrogen, industrial by-product hydrogen, and natural gas-based hydrogen accounting for 56.7%, 21.1%, and 20.8%, respectively. Hydrogen production is mainly concentrated in Northwest, East, and North China, accounting for a combined 79.7%. North and Northwest China primarily rely on coal-based hydrogen and green hydrogen production, while Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang utilize wind and solar resources to develop water electrolysis for hydrogen production. East China primarily relies on industrial by-product hydrogen.
Green hydrogen development has entered a stage of large-scale development. To promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy and build a new energy system, China is actively and systematically deploying renewable energy-based hydrogen production. The main technological routes for renewable energy-based hydrogen production projects include aerosol generation (AE), combined heat and power (CHP), and power generation-exchange-mesh (PEME). As of October 2025, AE and CHP were the dominant technologies, accounting for 98.9% of the total. Power sources mainly include various types, photovoltaic, and wind power, accounting for 51.3%, 40.9%, and 7.1%, respectively.
The orderly advancement of diverse application scenarios for hydrogen refueling stations is a core pillar of the hydrogen energy application field and a key infrastructure for the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. As of October 2025, China had built 570 hydrogen refueling stations, with the Central South, East China, and North China regions having the most, at 171, 153, and 152 stations respectively. In terms of downstream application scenarios, renewable energy-based hydrogen production projects can be applied to ammonia synthesis, transportation, refining, and methanol synthesis, with ammonia synthesis being the primary application, accounting for 42.6%.
The price of hydrogen energy is gradually declining. The decrease in hydrogen production prices is gradually being transmitted to the consumption side. As of September 2025, the national average production-side hydrogen price had decreased from 31.6 yuan/kg in January 2024 to 27.0 yuan/kg, while the national average consumption-side hydrogen price had decreased from 54.6 yuan/kg in January 2024 to 45.2 yuan/kg. The guiding effect of relevant demonstration policies is beginning to show results.
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